The extent of the work required during an overhaul will depend a great deal on operating conditions such as water quality and how the unit was loaded. Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine which is suitable for low heads and hence requires a large quantity of water to develop a large amount of power. Then, a runner inspection frame 39 is installed on the draft tube liner 18. From the beginning, francis turbine development has always been synonymous with voith. Blade number 10 to 24 pieces are available, and generally in 14 17. L argesized francis turbine s are commonly used at hydraulic head range of 20700m. Ge has successfully completed numerous installations of francis turbines with outputs up to 800 mw, including one of the largest francis turbines ever made each with a runner diameter of 10 meters and weighing over 450 tons. Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. A brief discussion on a the design philosophy during the last 60 years with will be presented.
Water particle water from spiral casing r a d i a l r a d a l runner guide ivanes runner guide vanes v i e w v e w andi stay vanes and stay vanes 16. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. The blades are circumferentially arranged on the crown, each of which including. This is the only impulse type of hydraulic turbine named after lester a. It has fewer parts as compared to franciss turbine which has both fixed vanes and guided vanes. Introduction francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use. Micro francis turbine generator professional micro hydro. Francis turbine its components, working and application. A sequence of clips demonstrating the fabrication and assembly process of an 8. This particular francis turbine which was researched in this benchmark is called hpp fortuna ii, and it was installed in minas gerais, brazil. Francis turbine is the first hydraulic turbine with radial inflow. His design is extremely flexible and can be tailored to different head heights and flow rates.
Cfd can be used in design process of different turbine parts because obtained results are suffi. The outer diameter of the turbine barrel 17 is derived by adding, to the inner diameter of the lower pit liner 15, a necessary thickness of concrete, which can bear the weights of stationary parts and rotary portions of the generator, and the water thrust load produced when the hydraulic machine is actuated. You can score maximum marks in your exam or interview on these topics. There is no cavitation because water jet strikes only a specific portion of the runner.
Designed for heads from 20 m to 400 m, hpp francis runners can achieve more than 94% efficiency. The fluid enters from the penstock to a spiral casing. The spiral casing around the runner of the turbine is known as the volute casing or scroll case. Kaplan turbine and francis turbine pdfcomponents, working. Ppt on francis and kaplan turbine used to convert one form of energy into other. The top countries of supplier is china, from which the percentage of francis turbine for sale supply is 100% respectively. Examples losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions. The major part of pressure drop occurs in the turbine itself, unlike the impulse turbine where. Turbines are used in boat propulsion systems, hydroelectric power generators, and jet aircraft engines. Francis turbine working principle, main parts, diagram and. Introduction to francis turbine diagram, working principle the francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine.
Francis turbine working principle, main parts, diagram and application january 23. Abstract the aim for turbine design is to increase the efficiency and avoid cavitation and fractures during operation. Svartisen p 350 mw h 543 m q 371,5 m s d 0 4,86 m d 1 4,31m d 2 2,35 m b 0 0,28 m n 333 rpm. Modern francis turbine is a mixed flow type turbine i.
Francis turbine is one of the most widely used turbine s. Use filters to find rigged, animated, lowpoly or free 3d models. Application of reaction turbines is in sites with lower heads and higher flow rates. This type of turbine consists of moving blades and nozzles. Difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. The cfd approach for prediction of efficiency of a 3 mw capacity horizontal axis francis turbine is presented. Its invention allowed efficient power production in low head applications that were not possible with francis turbine. Francis turbine diagram, working, parts, advantages, applications. It was designed by american scientist james francis. Hydro turbine runner is the heart of the turbine system, water energy is converted into mechanical energy by turbine wheel, generally referring to the turbine model, essentially refers to the type of turbine runner. In francis turbine water flow is radial into the turbine and exits the turbine axially. Apr 04, 2017 modern francis turbine is a mixed flow type turbine i.
In this lesson, i will discuss the parts, working, efficiency, advantages, disadvantages of a francis turbine, and also give you the pdf. Cfd, numerical simulation, francis turbine, fluent, parallel computing, linux cluster. Join our community just now to flow with the file francis turbine and make our shared file collection even more complete and exciting. Two main kinds of reaction turbines are the propeller and the francis.
Francis turbine is used for the production of electricity in hydro power stations. So runner blades of mixed flow turbine can be divided into two parts, the upper part of the blades use the reaction force of water flowing through it and the lower half is in the shape of a small bucket using the impulse action of water flowing through it. In order for the overhaul to proceed smoothly and to. Mixed hydro turbine has radical inflow into runner, axle outflow from runner, which is referred to as francis hydro turbine. Francis in 1849 developed the radial turbine, named francis turbine. Complete francis turbine flow simulation for the whole range of. Generally, an ebook can be downloaded in five minutes or less. Cfd, numerical simulation, francis turbine, fluent, parallel computing, linux cluster 1.
Its invention allowed efficient power production in low head. The main idea is to assume steady state uniform conditions. Francis turbine is the most common type of turbine in practice, which presents a sidebyside design of generator. The features of francis turbine is simple structure and reliable operation. Working of francis turbine is explained in this video in a step by step logical manner, with help of animation. The kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine.
Complete francis turbine flow simulation for the whole range. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1. Files 15 francis turbine model francis turbine model loading. A wide variety of francis turbine for sale options are available to you, there are 352 suppliers who sells francis turbine for sale on, mainly located in asia. Reaction turbines have some primary features which differentiate them from impulse turbines.
Download kaplan turbine and francis turbine pdf at the end of the article. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used primarily for electrical power production. A francis turbine consists of the 5 main parts those are. The francis turbine was developed by an american engineer james bichens francis around 1855. Water enters the runner and flows towards the center of the wheel in the radial direction and leaves parallel to the axis of the turbine.
A francis turbine comprises a rotating shaft, a crown, a plurality of blades, and a band. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Turbine introduction a turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. An example of a reaction turbine is the kaplan turbine and francis turbine. Francis turbine is a combination of both impulse and reaction turbine, where the blades rotate using both reaction and impulse force of water flowing through them producing electricity more efficiently. Parametrical and theoretical design of a francis turbine runner with the help of computational fluid dynamics ayancik, fatma, celebioglu, kutay and aradag, selin author for correspondence department of mechanical engineering, tobb university of economics and technology, sogutozu avenue 43, sogutozu, ankara, 06560, turkey. You will also understand the complete working of this turbine in detail with video tutorial. It is developed in 19 by the austrian professor viktor kaplan. A francis turbine with an improved shape of blades, which can reduce cavitations generated on the surface of the blades or reduce the secondary flow around the blades, is provided.
Losses in francis turbines npsh main dimensions francis turbines. Complete francis turbine flow simulation for the whole. The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine which was designed and developed by the american engineer james b. These removed parts are conveyed to the outside through a draft check passage.
With a neat sketch explain the parts of an impulse turbine. It is well suited for operating under high heads the turbine capable of working under the high potential head of water is the pelton wheel turbine which works on the head greater than 300 m. An example of an impulse turbine is the pelton wheel turbine. Assembly design of francis turbine from maintenance perspective in context to sedimentladen river projects. With decades of continuous optimization based on the latest hydrodynamic research, well over half the turbines manufactured by voith hydro are of the francis type. The computational model consists of spiral casing, 18 numbers of stay vanes and guide vanes, runner having numbers of blades and a draft tube. Francis turbines are hydro turbines with widest range of application featured with high efficiency, selflubricating bearings with higher specifications and ecofriendly applicable for dam based projects. I have explained in simple and understandable words. Pdf design analysis of parts of francis turbine researchgate. The turbine has a sturdy base which sits on the top of the hydraulic bench. Generally, this kind of turbine has an axial flow runner that has three to six blades based on the water head that the turbine is designed to be utilized. Water enters the runner of the turbine in the radial direction and leaves the runner in the axial direction. Here reaction turbine consists of fixed blades that act as a moving blade and nozzle.
Micro hydroelectric francis turbine generator runner. Introduction to francis turbine the francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine. Throughout its length, it has numerous openings at regular intervals to allow the working fluid to impinge on the blades of the runner. Ppt on francis and kaplan turbine turbine mechanics. These new turbine require less space, simplified designs, less moving parts, etc. Ppt on francis and kaplan turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. It is more compact then francis turbine which can run faster and maintains high efficiency. Pdf assembly design of francis turbine from maintenance. View francis turbine ppts online, safely and virusfree. Francis in lowell, massachusetts, mill city usa operate in a water head from 10 to 650 meters 33 to 2,3 feet and are primarily used for. Water enters the runner and flows towards the center of the wheel in the radial direction and. A francis turbine consists of the following main parts.
Simulating fluid flow through different turbine components separately is today standard proce dure. This turbine is used for medium heads with medium discharge. The computeraided design cad files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third party users. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine with pdf. The overall efficiency of the pelton turbine is high. Francis turbine runner is composed of twisted blades, hub and wheel ring. Francis turbines are the most commonly used hydro turbines. Introduction cfd computational fluid dynamic is today standard procedure for simulating and analysing fluid flow through hydraulic machines. Francis turbine runner is composed of twisted blades, hub and wheel ring parts. In the same diagram the efficiency of the model turbine is included for. The hydraulic turbines can be classified based on type of energy at the inlet, direction of flow through the vanes, head available at the. Complete francis turbine flow simulation for the whole range of discharges z. Water pressure decreases as it passes through the turbine imparting reaction on the turbine blades making the turbine rotate.
The kaplan turbine is a propellertype water turbine which has adjustable blades. Hydro power plant has three francis turbine units, the images on this page show the installation process. The francis turbine is a laboratoryscale reaction turbine for use with tecquipments digital hydraulic bench h1f, available separately. Our francis turbines, including the worlds largest and most powerful. The rated head and discharge for the turbine were 48 m and 7. Jul 24, 20 working of francis turbine is explained in this video in a step by step logical manner, with help of animation.